Introduction to DevOps
By this DevOps Interview Questions and answers, many students are placed in many reputed companies with high package salaries. So, utilize our DevOps Interview Questions and answers to grow in your career.
By the name DevOps, it’s very clear that it’s a collaboration of Development as well as Operations. But one should know that DevOps is not a tool, or software or framework, DevOps is a Combination of Tools which helps for the automation of the whole infrastructure. DevOps is basically an implementation of Agile methodology on the Development side as well as Operations side.
To fulfill the need of delivering more and faster and better applications to meet more and more demands of users, we need DevOps. DevOps helps deployment to happen really fast compared to any other traditional tools.
The key aspects or principle behind DevOps is:
Version Control System (VCS) is a software that helps software developers to work together and maintain a complete history of their work.
There are two types of Version Control Systems:
Git is a source code management (SCM) tool which handles small as well as large projects with efficiency. It is basically used to store our repositories in remote server such as GitHub.
GIT | SVN |
Git is a Decentralized Version Control Tool | SVN is a Centralized Version Control Tool |
Git contains the local repo as well as the full history of the whole project on all the developers hard drives, so if there is a server outage, you can easily do recovery from your teammates local git repo. | SVN relies only on the central server to store all the versions of the project file |
Push and pull operations are fast | Push and pull operations are slower compared to Git |
It belongs to 3rd generation Version Control Tool | It belongs to 2nd generation Version Control tools |
Client nodes can share the entire repositories on their local system | Version history is stored on server-side repository |
Commits can be done offline too | Commits can be done only online |
Work are shared automatically by commit | Nothing is shared automatically |
Git is written in C language, and since its written in C language its very fast and reduces the overhead of runtimes.
SubGit is a tool for migrating SVN to Git. It creates a writable Git mirror of a local or remote Subversion repository and uses both Subversion and Git if you like.
First, we must enter the email and user name for your Jenkins system, then switch into your job directory and execute the “git config” command.
ontent
Ansible is mainly used in IT infrastructure to manage or deploy applications to remote nodes. Let’s say we want to deploy one application in 100’s of nodes by just executing one command, then Ansible is the one actually coming into the picture but should have some knowledge on Ansible script to understand or execute the same.
Roles | Playbooks |
Roles are reusable subsets of a play. | Playbooks contain Plays. |
A set of tasks for accomplishing a certain role. | Mapps among hosts and roles. |
Example: common, web servers. | Example: site.yml, fooservers.yml, webservers.yml. |
Ansible by default gathers “facts” about the machines, and these facts can be accessed in Playbooks and in templates. To see a list of all the facts that are available about a machine, you can run the “setup” module as an ad-hoc action:
Ansible -m setup hostname
This will print out a dictionary of all the facts that are available for that particular host.
Docker is a containerization technology that packages your application and all its dependencies together in the form of Containers to ensure that your application works seamlessly in any environment.
Docker image is the source of Docker container. Or in other words, Docker images are used to create containers
Docker Container is the running instance of Docker Image.
Of Course, we can!! The only difference between agile methodology and DevOps is that, agile methodology is implemented only for the development section and DevOps implements agility on both development as well as operations section.
A kernel is the lowest level of easily replaceable software that interfaces with the hardware in your computer.
I ignore alphabet difference V accept this value ex) ls | grep -i docker
Dockerfile docker.tar.gz
ls | grep -v docker Desktop Dockerfile Documents Downloads
You can’t see anything with name docker.tar.gz
This feature is generally used to give the swap space to the server. Let’s say in below machine I have to create swap space of 1GB then,
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile1 bs=1G count=1
Sudo (superuser do) is a utility for UNIX- and Linux-based systems that provides an efficient way to give specific users permission to use specific system commands at the root (most powerful) level of the system.
Jenkins Pipeline (or simply “Pipeline”) is a suite of plugins which supports implementing and integrating continuous delivery pipelines into Jenkins.
To stop the container: docker stop container ID
Now to restart the Docker container: docker restart container ID
Docker runs on only Linux and Cloud platforms:
Cloud:
Note that Docker does not run on Windows or Mac for production as there is no support, yes you can use it for testing purpose even in windows
For docker networking we generally use kubernetes and docker swarm.
Let’s say you want to run multiple docker containers, at that time you have to create the docker-compose file and type the command docker-compose up. It will run all the containers mentioned in docker compose file.
Scrum is basically used to divide your complex software and product development task into smaller chunks, using iterations and incremental practices. Each iteration is of two weeks. Scrum consists of three roles: Product owner, scrum master and Team
Commit object contain the following components:
It contains a set of files, representing the state of a project at a given point of time reference to parent commit objects
An SHAI name, a 40-character string that uniquely identifies the commit object (also called as hash).
Git pull command basically pulls any new changes or commits from a branch from your central repository and updates your target branch in your local repository. Git fetch is also used for the same purpose, but it’s slightly different from Git pull. When you trigger a git fetch, it pulls all new commits from the desired branch and stores it in a new branch in your local repository. If we want to reflect these changes in your target branch, git fetch must be followed with a git merge. Our target branch will only be updated after merging the target branch and fetched branch. Just to make it easy for us, remember the equation below:
Git pull = git fetch + git merge
git branch –merged
The above command lists the branches that have been merged into the current branch. git branch –no merged This command lists the branches that have not been merged.
Before committing a file, it must be formatted and reviewed in an intermediate area known as ‘Staging Area’ or ‘Indexing Area’.
#git add <file_name>
Let’s say you’ve been working on part of your project, things are in a messy state and you want to switch branches for some time to work on something else. The problem is, you don’t want to commit your half-done work just, so you can get back to this point later. The answer to this issue is Git stash.
Git Stashing takes your working directory, that is, your modified tracked files and staged changes and saves it on a stack of unfinished changes that you can reapply at any time.
Git ‘stash drop’ command is basically used to remove the stashed item. It will basically remove the last
added stash item by default, and it can also remove a specific item if you include it as an argument. I have provided an example below:
If you want to remove any particular stash item from the list of stashed items you can use the below commands:
git stash list: It will display the list of stashed items as follows:
stash@{0}: WIP on master: 049d080 added the index file stash@{1}: WIP on master: c265351 Revert “added files” stash@{2}: WIP on master: 13d80a5 added number to log
Git uses our username to associate commits with an identity. The git config command can be used to change our Git configuration, including your username.
Suppose you want to give a username and email id to associate a commit with an identity so that you can know who has made a commit. For that I will use:
git config –global user.name “Your Name”: This command will add your username. git config –global user.email “Your E-mail Address”: This command will add your email id.
To create a repository, you must create a directory for the project if it does not exist, then run the command “git init”. By running this command the .git directory will be created inside the project directory.
Generally, they ask this question to understand your branching knowledge Feature branching
This model keeps all the changes for a feature inside of a branch. When the feature branch is fully tested and validated by automated tests, the branch is then merged into master.
Task branching In this task branching model each task is implemented on its own branch with the task key included in the branch name. It is quite easy to see which code implements which task, just look for the task key in the branch name.
Release branching
Once the develop branch has acquired enough features for a release, then we can clone that branch to form a Release branch. Creating this release branch starts the next release cycle, so no new features can be added after this point, only bug fixes, documentation generation, and other release-oriented tasks should go in this branch. Once it’s ready to ship, the release gets merged into master and then tagged with a version number. In addition, it should be merged back into the develop branch, which may have progressed since the release was initiated earlier.
Jenkins is an open source continuous integration tool which is written in Java language. It keeps a track on the version control system and to initiate and monitor a build system if any changes occur. It monitors the whole process and provides reports and notifications to alert the concern team.
Maven and Ant are Build Technologies whereas Jenkins is a continuous integration(CI/CD) tool.
When multiple developers or teams are working on different segments of the same web application, we need to perform integration tests by integrating all the modules. To do that an automated process for each piece of code is performed on daily bases so that all your code gets tested. And this whole process is termed as continuous integration.
Hudson was the earlier name of current Jenkins. After some issue faced, the project name was changed from Hudson to Jenkins.
Advantage of using Jenkins
Source code management tools supported by Jenkins are below:
Ansible is a software configuration management tool to deploy an application using ssh without any downtime. It is also used for management and configuration of software applications. Ansible is developed in Python language.
Steps to set up Jenkins job as follows:
Select a new item from the menu.
After that enter a name for the job (it can be anything) and select a free-style job.
Then click OK to create a new job in Jenkins dashboard.
The next page enables you to configure your job, and it’s done.
Toggle Co
I need to implement trending technologies like Docker to automate the configuration management activities in my project by showing POC.
I used to get most of the time out of memory issues. So I fixed this issue by restarting the server which is not best practice. I did the permanent fix by increasing the PermGen Space and Heap Space.
Tail -10 filename >filename
grep “GangBoard” filename
find / -type f -name “*GangBoard*”
Q53) Write a shell script to print only prime numbers?
Scriptname.sh parameter1 parameter2 I will use $* to get the parameters.
Default file permissions are : rw-r—r—
If I want to change the default file permissions I need to use umask command ex: umask 666
There are some steps to follow.
In Jenkins there is a plugin called build after other projects build. We can provide job names over there and If one parent job runs then it will automatically run all other jobs. Or we can use Pipeline jobs.
I have to manage Jenkins and then global tool configurations. There you have to provide all the details such as Git URL , Java version, Maven version , Path etc.
The steps are:
Yes I have participated, we need to follow the following steps in my point of view
We need to follow the steps
Yes I have automated couple of things such as
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is the management of infrastructure (networks, virtual machines, load balancers, and connection topology) in a descriptive model, using the same versioning as the DevOps team uses for source code. This will be achieved by using the tools such as Chef, Puppet and Ansible etc.
Multi Factor authentication (MFA) is a security system that requires more than one method of authentication from independent categories of credentials to verify the user’s identity for a login or other transaction.
Create two S3 buckets, one to use as the source, and the other to use as the destination and then create policies.
I have to use the following command and enter the required message. Git commit –amend
First I will check the Slave nodes capacity. If it is fully loaded then I will add the slave node by doing the following process.
Go to the Jenkins dashboard -> Manage Jenkins ->Manage Nodes Create the new node By giving the all required fields and launch the slave machine as you want.
Pros:
Follow the steps
There is a command in unix to achieve this task find <directory_path> -mtime +10 -name “*.log” -exec rm -f {} \; 2>/dev/null
We need to use the following command
Ansible – m debug- a “var=hostvars[‘hostname’]” localhost(10.92.62.215)
Copy JENKINS_HOME directory and “jobs” directory to replicate it in another server
Amazon provides the service called Amazon Elastic Container Service; By using this creating and configuring the task definition and services we will launch the applications.
Go to the tomcat folder and navigate to the conf folder there you will find a server.xml file. You can change the connector port tag as you want.
We can install Jenkins in 3 Ways
We have a Jenkins CLI from there we need to use the curl command
curl -X POST -u YOUR_USER:YOUR_USER_PASSWORD http://YOUR_JENKINS_URL/job/YOUR_JOB/build
We have following command to create tags in git Git tag v0.1
We need to use a following command
docker run -itd –network=multi-host-network busybox
Using hostvars method we can access and add the variables like below
{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname][‘ansible_’ + which_interface][‘ipv4’][‘address’] }}
Where the Configuration of any servers or tool chain or application stack required for an association can be made into progressively elucidating dimension of code and that can be utilized for provisioning and overseeing foundation components like Virtual Machine, Software, Network Elements, however it varies from contents utilizing any language, where they are a progression of static advances coded, where Version control can be utilized so as to follow condition changes . Precedent Tools are Ansible, Terraform.
Precedent Tools are Ansible, Terraform.
A clearly fundamental region of Version Control is Source code the executives, Where each engineer code ought to be pushed to a typical storehouse for keeping up assemble and discharge in CI/CD pipelines.
Another territory can be Version control For Administrators when they use Infrastructure as A Code (IAC) apparatuses and rehearses for keeping up The Environment setup.
Another Area of Version Control framework Can be Artifactory Management Using Repositories like Nexus and DockerHub
Open Source devices dominatingly utilized by any association which is adjusting (or) embraced DevOps pipelines in light of the fact that devops accompanied an attention on robotization in different parts of association manufacture and discharge and change the executives and furthermore framework the board zones.
So creating or utilizing a solitary apparatus is unthinkable and furthermore everything is fundamentally an experimentation period of advancement and furthermore coordinated chops down the advantage of
building up a solitary device , so open source devices were accessible, practically spares each reason and furthermore gives association a choice to assess the device depending on their need.
Ansible is Agentless design the board device, where manikin or gourmet expert needs operator should be kept running on the specialist hub and culinary specialist or manikin depends on draw demonstrate, where your cookbook or show for gourmet expert and manikin separately from the ace will be pulled by the operator and ansible uses ssh to convey and it gives information driven guidelines to the hubs should be overseen , progressively like RPC execution, ansible utilizations YAML scripting, though manikin (or) culinary specialist is worked by ruby uses their own DSL .
Jinja2 templating is the Python standard for templating , consider it like a sed editorial manager for Ansible , where it very well may be utilized is when there is a requirement for dynamic change of any config record to any application like consider mapping a MySQL application to the IP address of the machine, where it is running, it can’t be static , it needs modifying it progressively at runtime. The vars inside the supports are supplanted by ansible while running utilizing layout modules.
Arranging playbooks as jobs , gives greater clarity and reusability to any plays , while consider an errand where MySQL establishment ought to be done after the evacuation of Oracle DB , and another prerequisite is expected to introduce MySQL after java establishment, in the two cases we have to introduce MySQL , yet without jobs need to compose playbooks independently for both use cases , yet utilizing jobs once the MySQL establishment job is made can be used any number of times by summoning utilizing rationale in site.yaml .
No, it isn’t important to make jobs for each situation, however making jobs is the best practice in Ansible.
As the lifetime of any compartments is while pursuing a holder is wrecked you can’t recover any information inside a compartment, the information inside a compartment is lost perpetually, however tenacious capacity for information inside compartments should be possible utilizing volumes mount to an outer source like host machine and any NFS drivers.
Docker motor contacts the docker daemon inside the machine and makes the runtime condition and procedure for any compartment, docker make connects a few holders to shape as a stack utilized in making application stacks like LAMP, WAMP, XAMPP
Docker holder can be kept running in two modes
Connected: Where it will be kept running in the forefront of the framework you are running, gives a terminal inside to the compartment when – t choice is utilized with it, where each log will be diverted to stdout screen.
Isolates: This mode is typically kept running underway, where the holder is confined as a foundation procedure and each yield inside a compartment will be diverted log records
inside/var/lib/docker/logs/<container-id>/<container-id.json> and which can be seen by docker logs order.
Docker examines <container-id> will give yield in JSON position, which contains subtleties like the IP address of the compartment inside the docker virtual scaffold and volume mount data and each other data identified with host (or) holder explicitly like the basic document driver utilized, log driver utilized. docker investigate [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID…] Choices
Docker details order can be utilized to check the asset usage of any docker holder, it gives the yield practically equivalent to Top direction in Linux, it shapes the base for compartment asset observing instruments like a counsel, which gets yield from docker details order.
docker details [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER…] Choices Name, shorthand Default Description
In ansible, there is a module called delegate_to, in this module area give the specific host (or) has where your errands (or) assignment should be run.
undertakings:
name: ” Elasticsearch Hitting”
uri: url=’_search?q=status:new’ headers='{“Content-type”:”application/json”}’ method=GET return_content=yes register: yield delegate_to: 127.0.0.1
Where a set_fact sets the incentive for a factor at one time and stays static, despite the fact that the esteem is very powerful and vars continue changing according to the esteem continues changing for the variable.
assignments:
set_fact:
fact_time: “Truth: ” troubleshoot: var=fact_time order: rest 2
troubleshoot: var=fact_time assignments:
name: queries in factors versus queries in realities has: localhost
vars:
var_time: “Var: ”
Despite the fact that the query for the date has been utilized in both the cases, wherein the vars are
utilized it modifies dependent on an opportunity to time each time executed inside the playbook lifetime. Be that as it may, Fact dependably continues as before once query is finished
Query modules enable access to information in Ansible from outside sources. These modules are assessed on the Ansible control machine and can incorporate perusing the filesystem yet in addition reaching outside information stores and administrations.
Organization is {lookup{‘<plugin>’,'<source(or)connection_string>’}}
A portion of the query modules upheld by ansible are Document
pipe redis
jinja layouts etcd kv store
The direction docker RMI <image-id> can be utilized to erase the docker picture from nearby machine, though a few pictures may should be constrained in light of the fact that the picture might be utilized by some other holder (or) another picture , to erase pictures you can utilize the mix of directions by docker RMI $(docker pictures – q), where docker pictures will give the docker picture names, to get just the ID of docker pictures just , we are utilizing – q switch with docker pictures order.
JENKINS_HOME – which will be/$JENKINS_USER/.jenkins it is the root envelope of any Jenkins establishment and it contains subfolders each for various purposes.
employment/ – Folder contains all the data for pretty much every one of the occupations arranged in the Jenkins example.
Inside employment/, you will have the envelope made for each activity and inside those organizers, you will have fabricate organizers as indicated by each form number each form will have its log records, which we see in Jenkins web support.
Modules/ – where all your modules will be recorded.
Workspace/ – this will be available to hold all the workspace documents like your source code pulled from SCM.
Jenkins can be designed in two different ways
Web: Where there is a choice called design a framework, in their area, you can make all setup changes. Manual on filesystem: Where each change should likewise be possible straightforwardly on the Jenkins config.xml document under the Jenkins establishment catalog, after you make changes on the filesystem, you have to restart your Jenkins, either can do it specifically from terminal (or) you can utilize Reload setup from plate under oversee Jenkins menu or you can hit/restart endpoint straightforwardly.
As DevOps is absolutely centers around Automating your framework and gives changes over the pipeline to various stages like an every CI/CD pipeline will have stages like form, test, mental soundness test, UAT, Deployment to Prod condition similarly as with each phase there are diverse devices is utilized and distinctive innovation stack is displayed and there should be an approach to incorporate with various instrument for finishing an arrangement toolchain, there comes a requirement for HTTP API , where each apparatus speaks with various devices utilizing API , and even client can likewise utilize SDK to interface with various devices like BOTOX for Python to contact AWS API’s for robotization dependent on occasions
, these days its not cluster handling any longer , it is generally occasion driven pipelines
Where In conventional engineering , each application is stone monument application implies that anything is created by a gathering of designers, where it has been sent as a solitary application in numerous machines and presented to external world utilizing load balances, where the micro services implies separating your application into little pieces, where each piece serves the distinctive capacities expected to finish a solitary
exchange and by separating , designers can likewise be shaped to gatherings and each bit of utilization may pursue diverse rules for proficient advancement stage, as a result of spry improvement ought to be staged up a bit and each administration utilizes REST API (or) Message lines to convey between another administration.
So manufacture and arrival of a non-strong form may not influence the entire design, rather, some usefulness is lost, that gives the confirmation to productive and quicker CI/CD pipelines and DevOps
There are two different ways of a pipeline can be made in Jenkins Scripted Pipelines: Progressively like a programming approach Explanatory pipelines:
DSL approach explicitly to make Jenkins pipelines.
The pipeline ought to be made in Jenkins document and the area can either be in SCM or a nearby framework.
Definitive and Scripted Pipelines are developed on a very basic level in an unexpected way. Definitive Pipeline is a later element of Jenkins Pipeline which:
gives more extravagant grammatical highlights over Scripted Pipeline language structure, and is intended to make composing and perusing Pipeline code less demanding.
Similarly as with CI/CD arrangement should be concentrated , where each application in the association can be worked by a solitary CI/CD server , so in association there might be various types of utilization like java, c#,.NET and so forth, likewise with microservices approach your programming stack is inexactly coupled for the task , so you can have Labeled in every hub and select the choice Only assembled employments while name coordinating this hub, so when a manufacturer is planned with the mark of the hub present in it, it hangs tight for next agent in that hub to be accessible, despite the fact that there are different agents in hubs.
Blue Ocean reconsiders the client experience of Jenkins. Planned from the beginning for Jenkins Pipeline, yet at the same time good with free-form occupations, Blue Ocean diminishes mess and builds lucidity for each individual from the group.
It gives a complex UI to recognize each phase of the pipeline and better pinpointing for issues and an extremely rich Pipeline editorial manager for apprentices.
Callback modules empower adding new practices to Ansible when reacting to occasions. Of course, callback modules control a large portion of the yield you see when running the direction line programs,
however can likewise be utilized to include an extra yield, coordinate with different apparatuses and marshall the occasions to a capacity backend. So at whatever point a play is executed and after it creates a few occasions, those occasions are imprinted onto the Stdout screen, so the callback module can be put into any capacity backend for log preparation.
Model callback modules are ansible-logstash, where each playbook execution is brought by logstash in the JSON group and can be incorporated in some other backend source like elasticsearch.
As with scripting dialects, the fundamental shell scripting is utilized to construct ventures in Jenkins pipelines and python contents can be utilized with some other devices like Ansible , terraform as a wrapper content for some other complex choice unraveling undertakings in any mechanization as python is more unrivaled in complex rational deduction than shell contents and ruby contents can likewise be utilized as fabricate ventures in Jenkins.
DevOps draws out each association capacity of fabricate and discharge cycle to be a lot shorter with an idea of CI/CD, where each change is reflected into generation conditions fastly, so it should be firmly observed to get client input. So the idea of constant checking has been utilized to assess every application execution progressively (at any rate Near Real Time) , where every application is produced with application execution screen specialists perfect and the granular dimension of measurements are taken out like JVM details and even practical savvy measurements inside the application can likewise be spilled out progressively to Agents , which thusly provides for any backend stockpiling and that can be utilized by observing groups in dashboards and cautions to get persistently screen the application.
Where numerous persistent observing instruments are accessible in the market, where utilized for an alternate sort of use and sending model Docker compartments can be checked by consultant operator, which can be utilized by Elasticsearch to store measurements (or) you can utilize TICK stack (Telegraph, influxdb, Chronograph, Capacitor) for each framework observing in NRT(Near Real Time) and You can utilize Logstash (or) Beats to gather Logs from framework , which thusly can utilize Elasticsearch as Storage Backend can utilize Kibana (or) Grafana as visualizer. The framework observing should be possible by Nagios and Icinga.
Gathering of Virtual machines with Docker Engine can be grouped and kept up as a solitary framework and the assets likewise being shared by the compartments and docker swarm ace calendars the docker holder in any of the machines under the bunch as indicated by asset accessibility Docker swarm init can be utilized to start docker swarm bunch and docker swarm joins with the ace IP from customer joins the hub into the swarm group.
Where In conventional engineering , each application is stone monument application implies that anything is created by a gathering of designers, where it has been conveyed as a solitary application in numerous machines and presented to external world utilizing load balancers, where the microservices implies separating your application into little pieces, where each piece serves the diverse capacities expected to finish a solitary exchange and by separating , engineers can likewise be shaped to gatherings and each bit of utilization may pursue distinctive rules for proficient
So manufacture and arrival of a non-hearty variant may not influence the entire design, rather, some usefulness is lost, that gives the affirmation to proficient and quicker CI/CD pipelines and DevOps Practices.
advancement stage, on account of light-footed improvement ought to be staged up a bit and each administration utilizes REST API (or) Message lines to impart between another administration.
There are two different ways of a pipeline can be made in Jenkins Scripted Pipelines: Progressively like a programming approach Explanatory pipelines:
DSL approach explicitly to make Jenkins pipelines.
The pipeline ought to be made in Jenkins record and the area can either be in SCM or neighborhood framework.
Definitive and Scripted Pipelines are developed in a general sense in an unexpected way. Explanatory Pipeline is a later element of Jenkins Pipeline which:
gives more extravagant linguistic highlights over Scripted Pipeline sentence structure, and is intended to make composing and perusing Pipeline code simpler.
Likewise with CI/CD arrangement should be incorporated , where each application in the association can be worked by a solitary CI/CD server , so in association there might be various types of use like java, c#,.NET and so forth, similarly as with microservices approach your programming stack is inexactly coupled for the undertaking , so you can have Labeled in every hub and select the alternative Only assembled occupations while mark coordinating this hub, so when a fabricate is booked with the name of the hub present in it, it sits tight for next agent in that hub to be accessible, despite the fact that there are different agents in hubs.
Blue Ocean re-examines the client experience of Jenkins. Planned starting from the earliest stage for Jenkins Pipeline, yet at the same time good with free-form occupations, Blue Ocean lessens the mess and expands clearness for each individual from the group. It gives a modern UI to recognize each phase of the pipeline and better pinpointing for issues and a rich Pipeline proof-reader for fledglings.
Callback modules empower adding new practices to Ansible when reacting to occasions. As a matter of course, callback modules control the greater part of the yield you see when running the direction line programs, yet can likewise be utilized to include an extra yield, coordinate with different instruments and marshall the occasions to a capacity backend. So at whatever point a play is executed and after it delivers a few occasions, those occasions are imprinted onto the Stdout screen, so the callback module can be put into any capacity backend for log handling. Precedent callback modules are ansible-logstash, where each playbook execution is obtained by logstash in the JSON position and can be incorporated in some other backend source like elasticsearch.
As with scripting dialects, the fundamental shell scripting is utilized to assemble ventures in Jenkins pipelines and python contents can be utilized with some other instruments like Ansible.
Devops is a culture created to address the necessities of lithe procedure, where the advancement rate is quicker ,so sending should coordinate its speed and that needs activities group to arrange and work with
dev group, where everything can computerize utilizing content based , however it feels more like tasks group than , it gives chaotic association of any pipelines, more the utilization cases , more the contents should be composed , so there are a few use cases, which will be sufficient to cover the requirements of light-footed are taken and apparatuses are made by that and customization can occur over the device utilizing DSL to mechanize the DevOps practice and Infra the board.
Jenkins can be coordinated with various cloud suppliers for various use cases like dynamic Jenkins slaves, Deploy to cloud conditions.
A portion of the cloud can be incorporated are
Docker volumes are the filesystem mount focuses made by client for a compartment or a volume can be utilized by numerous holders, and there are distinctive sorts of volume mount accessible void dir, Post mount, AWS upheld lbs volume, Azure volume, Google Cloud (or) even NFS, CIFS filesystems, so a volume ought to be mounted to any of the outer drives to accomplish determined capacity, in light of the fact that a lifetime of records inside compartment, is as yet the holder is available and if holder is erased, the information would be lost.
Any sort of Artifacts vault can be coordinated with Jenkins, utilizing either shell directions (or) devoted modules, some of them are Nexus, Jfrog.
Sonar module – can be utilized to incorporate testing of Code quality in your source code. Execution module – this can be utilized to incorporate JMeter execution testing.
Junit – to distribute unit test reports.
Selenium module – can be utilized to incorporate selenium for computerization testing.
Fabricates can be run physically (or) either can naturally be activated by various sources like
Webhooks- The webhooks are API calls from SCM, at whatever point a code is submitted into a vault (or) should be possible for explicit occasions into explicit branches.
Gerrit code survey trigger-Gerrit is an open source code audit instrument, at whatever point a code change is endorsed after the audit construct can be activated.
Trigger Build Remotely – You can have remote contents in any machine (or) even AWS lambda capacities (or) make a post demand to trigger forms in Jenkins.
Calendar Jobs-Jobs can likewise be booked like Cron occupations.
Survey SCM for changes – Where your Jenkins searches for any progressions in SCM for the given interim, if there is a change, a manufacturer can be activated.
Upstream and Downstream Jobs-Where a construct can be activated by another activity that is executed already.
Docker pictures can be form controlled utilizing Tags, where you can relegate the tag to any picture utilizing docker tag <image-id> order. Furthermore, on the off chance that you are pushing any docker center library without labeling the default label would be doled out which is most recent, regardless of whether a picture
with the most recent is available, it indicates that picture without the tag and reassign that to the most recent push picture.
It adds Timestamp to each line to the comfort yield of the assembler.
You can run an expand on ace in Jenkins , yet it isn’t prudent, in light of the fact that the ace as of now has the duty of planning assembles and getting incorporate yields with JENKINS_HOME index, so on the off chance that we run an expand on Jenkins ace, at that point it furthermore needs to manufacture apparatuses, and workspace for source code, so it puts execution over-burden in the framework, if the Jenkins ace accidents, it expands the downtime of your fabricate and discharge cycle.
With a single team composed of cross-functional comments simply working in collaboration, DevOps organizations contain products including maximum speed, functionality, and innovation. Where continue special benefits: Continuous software control. Shorter complexity to manage.
DevOps is a society which supports collaboration between Development including Operations Team to deploy keys to increase faster in an automated & repeatable way. In innocent words, DevOps backside is established as an association of development and IT operations including excellent communication and collaboration.
DevOps Engineer manages with developers including the IT system to manage the code releases. They are both developers who become interested in deployment including practice settings or sysadmins who convert a passion for scripting and coding to move toward the development front where all can improve that planning from test and deployment.
Discover the trending Top DevOps Tools including Git. Well, if you live considering DevOps being a tool when, you are wrong! DevOps is not a tool or software, it’s an appreciation that you can adopt for continuous growth. file and, by practicing it you can simply coordinate this work among your team.
To be involved in the end to end delivery method and the most important phase of helping to change the manner so as to allow development and operations teams to go together also understand each other’s point of view.
In Software Engineering Software Configuration Management is a unique task about tracking to make the setting configuration during the infrastructure with one change. It is done for deploying, configuring and maintaining servers.
As the application is generated and deployed, we do need to control its performance. Monitoring is also really important because it might further uncover some defects which might not have been detected earlier.
From the above goal of Continuous Integration which is to take this application excuse to close users are primarily providing continuous delivery. This backside is completed out of any adequate number about unit testing and automation testing. Hence, we must validate that this system was created and integrated with all the developers that work as required.
Continuous Delivery means an extension of Constant Integration which primarily serves to make the features which some developers continue developing out on some end users as soon as possible.
During this process, it passes through several stages of QA, Staging etc., and before for delivery to the PRODUCTION system.
In this role, you’ll work collaboratively including software engineering to use and operate our systems. Help automate and streamline our procedures and processes. Build also maintains tools for deployment, monitoring, including operations. And troubleshoot and resolve problems in our dev, search and production environments.
DevOps Engineer goes including developers and IT staff to manage these code releases. They live both developers who become involved through deployment including web services or sysadmins that become a passion for scripting and coding more move into the development design where only can develop this planning from search and deployment.
A lead DevOps engineer can get between $137,000 including $180,000, according to April 2018 job data of Glassdoor. The common salary from any lead DevOps engineer based at the Big Apple is $141,452.
While tech abilities are a must, strong DevOps engineers further possess this ability to collaborate, multi-task, and also always place that customer first. critical skills that all DevOps engineer requirements for success.
Implementing the new approach would take in many advantages on an organization. A seamless collection up can be performed in the teams of developers, test managers, and operational executives also hence they can work in collaboration including each other to achieve a greater output on a project.
DevOps means an agile connection between development including operations. It means any process followed by this development because of helping drivers clean up from the starting of this design to production support. Understanding DevOps means incomplete excuse estimated DevOps lifecycle.
Tools for an efficient DevOps workflow. A daily workflow based at DevOps thoughts allows team
members to achieve content faster, be flexible just to both experiments and deliver value, also help each part from this organization use a learning mentality.
DevOps is one about some key elements to assist you to achieve this. Can you do agile software evolution without doing DevOps But managing agile software development and being agile are a couple really different things.
DevOps is all about bringing together the structure and process of traditional operations, so being supported deployment, including any tools, also practices of traditional construction methods such as source control and versioning.
Yes, we can do that using one of the following ways
We can copy or backup, we need to backup the JENKINS_HOME directory which contains the details of all the job configurations, build details etc.
Poll SCM will trigger the build only if it detects the change in SCM, whereas Build Periodically will trigger the build once the given time period has elapsed.
Docker image is a readonly template that contains the instructions for a container to start. Docker container is a runnable instance of a docker image
It is a process of OS Level virtualization technique used to deploy the application without launching the entire VM for each application where multiple isolated applications or services can access the same Host and run on the same OS.
docker build –f <filename> -t imagename:version
docker run –dt –restart=always –p <hostport>:<containerport> -h <hostname> -v
<host volume>:<container volume> imagename:version
docker exec –it <containerID> /bin/bash
Puppet is a Configuration Management tool, Puppet is used to automate administration tasks.
Configuration Management is the System engineering process. Configuration Management applied over the life cycle of a system provides visibility and control of its performance, functional, and physical attributes recording their status and in support of Change Management.
SaltStack is based on Python programming & Scripting language. It’s also a configuration tool.Saltstack works on a non-centralized model or a master-client setup model. It provides a push and SSH methods to communicate with clients.
There are Some Reasons to be chosen.
Below are the major advantages
Technical:
Business:
For the 1st and 2nd points, development of the application, problems in build and deployment, problems in operations, problems in debugging and fixing the issues
For 3rd point, explain various technologies we can use to ease the deployments, for development, explain about taking small features and development, how it helps for testing and issue fixing.
Agile is the set of rules/principles and guidelines about how to develop a software. There are chances that this developed software works only in the developer’s environment. But to release that software to public consumption and deploy in a production environment, we will use the DevOps tools and Techniques for the operation of that software.
In a nutshell, Agile is the set of rules for the development of a software, but DevOps focus more on Development as well as Operation of the Developed software in various environments.
Chef is considered to be one of the preferred industry-wide CM tools. Facebook migrated its infrastructure and backend IT to the Chef platform, for example. Explain how the Chef helps you to avoid delays by automating processes. The scripts are written in Ruby. It can integrate with cloud-based platforms and configure new systems. It provides many libraries for the infrastructure development that can later be deployed within a software. Thanks to its centralized management system, one of the Chef servers is enough to be used as the center for deploying various policies.
Talk about multiple software builds, releases, revisions, and versions for each other software or testware that is being developed. Move on to explain the need for storing and maintaining data, keeping track of the development builds and simplified troubleshooting. Don’t forget to mention key CM tools that can be used to achieve these objectives. Talk about how tools like Puppet, Ansible, and Chef help in automating software deployment and configuration on several servers.
Selenium
Vagrant used the virtual box as the hypervisor for virtual environments and in the current scenario it is also supporting the KVM. Kernel-based Virtual Machine.
Vagrant is a tool that can create and manage environments for the testing and developing software. Devops Training Free Demo
To fix the bug and implement new features quickly. It provides clarity of communications among team members.
Technical benefits
Business benefits
The core operations of DevOps
A pattern is common usage usually followed. If a pattern of the commonly adopted by others does not work for your organization and you continue to blindly follow it, you are essentially adopting an anti- pattern. There are myths about DevOps.
Some of them include
The most important thing that DevOps helps us achieve is to get the changes into production as quickly as possible while minimizing risks in software quality assurance and compliance. This is the primary objective of DevOps.
For example clear communication and better working relationships between teams i.e. both of the Ops team and Dev team collaborate together to deliver good quality software which in turn leads to higher customer satisfaction.
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The most popular DevOps tools are mentioned below
Agile are the set of the values and principles about how to produce i.e. develop software.
Example if you have some ideas and you want to turn those ideas into working software, you can use the Agile values as principles as a way to do that. But, that software might only be working
on a developer’s laptop or in a test environment. You want a way to quickly, easily and repeatedly move that software into the production infrastructure, in a safe and simple way. To do that you need DevOps tools and techniques.
You can summarize by saying Agile software development methodology focuses on the development of software but DevOps on the other hand is responsible for the development as well as deployment of the software to the safest and most reliable way possible. Here’s a blog that will give you more information on the evolutions of DevOps.
According to me, this should start by explaining the general market trend. Instead of releasing big sets of the features, companies are trying to see if small features can be transported to their customers through a series of release trains. This has many advantages like quick feedback from the customers, better quality of the software etc. which in turn leads to high customer satisfaction.
To achieve this, companies are required to
It’s the development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect problems early.
Below, I have mentioned some important are Plugins:
It’s the system that records changes to the file or set of the files over time so that you can recall specific versions later.
Revert files back to a previous state. Revert the entire project back to a previous state. Compare changes over time.
See who last modified something that might be causing a problem. Who introduced an issue and when.
Containers are lightweight virtualization, heavier than ‘chroot’ but lighter than ‘hypervisors’. They provide isolation among processes
It is a development practice that requires developers to integrate code into the shared repository several times a day.
Pointer (PTR) record to use for the reverse DNS (Domain Name System) lookup.
It is the process of executing on tests as part of the software delivery pipelines to obtain immediate feedback is the business of the risks associated with in the latest build.
Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating that manual process to test the application/system under test.
Risk assessments, policy analysis, requirements traceability, advanced analysis, test optimisation, and service virtualization
Regression testing and functional testing
It is a Configuration Management tool which is used to automate administration of the tasks.
The HTTP protocol works in a client and server model like most other protocols. A web browser using which a request is initiated is called a client and a web server software which responds to that request is called a server. World Wide Web Consortium of the Internet Engineering Task Force are two importants spokes are the standardization of the HTTP protocol.
Two-factor authentication is the security process in which the user provides two means of identification from separate categories of credentials.
adds the file changes to the staging area
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Commits the changes to the HEAD (staging area)
Sends the changes to the remote repository
Switch branch or restore working files
Creates a branch
Fetch the latest history from the remote server and updates the local repo
Joins two or more branches together
Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch (git fetch + git merge)
Process of moving or combining a sequence of commits to a new base commit
To revert a commit that has already been published and made public
Ans: clones the git repository and creates a working copy in the local machine
Roles
The characters are a restructured entity of a play. Plays are on playbooks.
A set of functions to accomplish the specific role. Maps between hosts and roles. Example: Common Winners. Example: site.yml, fooservers.yml, webservers.yml.
By naturally collecting “facts” about the machines, these facts can be accessed in Playbooks and in templates. To see a list of all the facts about a computer, you can run a “setup” block as an ad hoc activity: Ansible -m system hostname
It will print a dictionary of all the facts available for that particular host.
Docax is a container technology that connects your application and all its functions into the form of containers to ensure that you are running uninterrupted in any situation of your use.
Tucker is the source of the dagger container. Or in other words, dagger pictures are used to create containers.
Dogger Container is a phenomenon of the film.
Of course, we !! The only difference between dynamic algorithms and DevObs is that the dynamic process is implemented for the development section and activates both DevOps development and functionality.
Data personality and copy Get high
only one. A directory in the repository High disk usage and network performance Joint friendship Git can use any kind of projects.
A kernel, the software that can easily change the hardware interfaces of your computer.
I accept this value
ls | grep -v docker Desktop Dockerfile
Documents Downloads
You can not find anything with name docker.tar.gz
This feature is generally used to give the server a replacement location. Let me tell you on the computer below and I want to create 1GB swap space,
dd if = / dev / zero = = / swapfile1 bs = 1G count = 1
Pseudo is an application for Unix-and Linux-based systems that provide the ability to allow specific users to use specific system commands in the system’s root level.
Jenkins pipeline (or simply “tube”) is an additional package that supports and activates continuous delivery tubes in Jenkins.
Stop container: stop container container ID
Reboot the Tucker Container now: Docker-container ID
Docax is running on Linux and Cloud platforms only: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS +
Fedora 20+
RHEL 6.5+
CentOS 6+ Gentoo ArchLinux openSUSE 12.3+
CRUX 3.0+
Cloud: Amazon EC2
Google Compute Engine Microsoft Azure Rackspace
Since support is not supported, do not work on Windows or Mac for token production, yes, even on windows you can use it for testing purposes
We usually use karfs and taxi bears to do taxi networking.
You would like to have a number of taxi containers, and at that time you need to create a file that creates a docker container and type the command to make a taxi-up. It runs all containers mentioned in the docker compose file.
Using scrime based on your complex software and product development task as small particles, it uses reboots and additional procedures. Each replay is two weeks. Scrum has three characters: product owner, scrum master and team
SSH is a secure shell that allows users to login to a secure, encrypted mechanism into computers and transmitting files.Exit the remote machine and work on the command line.
Protect encrypted communications between the two hosts on an unsafe network.
Product development
Creating product feedback and its development IT Activities Development.
DevOps is a process Like the active DevOps.
A separate group is configured. This will solve the problem.
Manufacturers manufacturing production
DevOps is a development-driven output management
Agile:
There is something about dynamic software development Devops:
DevOps is about software deployment and management.
DevOps does not replace the active or lean. By removing waste, by removing gloves and improving regulations, it allows the production of rapid and continuous products.
To correct the defect and immediately make innovative attributes.
This is the accuracy of the coordination between the members of the group.
Virtual virtual box has been used as a hypervisor for virtual environments and in the current scenario it supports KVM. Kernel-based virtual machine
Vegant is a tool for creating and managing the environment for making software and experiments.
Unix:
It belongs to the multitasking, multiuser operating system family. These are often used on web servers and workstations.
It was originally derived from AT & T Unix, which was started by the Bell Labs Research Center in the 1970s by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and many others.
Operating systems are both open source, but the comparison is relatively similar to Unix Linux. Linux: Linux may be familiar to each programming language.
These personal computers are used.
The Unix operating system is based on the kernel.
Backup system Recovery plans Load balance Tracking Centralized record
Independent and schema-less data model Low latency and high performance
Very scalable
Benefits:
The best in system administration Virtualization experience
Good technical skills Great script
Good development skills
Chef in the automation tool experience People management
Customer service
Real-time cloud movements
Who’s worried about who
The PNS (PTR) registration is used to turn on the search DNS (Domain Name System).
Your answer should be simple and straightforward. Start by explaining the growing importance of DevOps in information technology. Considering that the efforts of the developments and activities to accelerate the
delivery of software products should be integrated, the minimum failure rate. DevOps is a value-practical procedure in which the design and performance engineers are able to capture the product level or service life cycle across the design, from design and to the design level
Before discussing the growing reputation of DevOps, discuss the current industry scenario. The big players like Netflix and Facebook begin with some examples of how this business can help to develop and use unwanted applications. Facebook’s continuous use and coding license models, and how to measure it, while using Facebook to ensure the quality of the experience. Hundreds of lines are implemented without affecting ranking, stability and security. Dipops Training Course
Your next application must be Netflix. This streaming and on-the-video video company follows similar procedures with complete automated processes and systems. Specify user base of these two companies: Facebook has 2 billion users, Netflix provides online content for more than 100 million users worldwide. Reduced lead time between the best examples of bugs, bug fixes, runtime and continuous supplies and the overall reduction of human costs.
The most popular DevOps tools include:
Selenium Puppet Chef
Git information Jenkins
Ansible
Tucker Tipps Online Training
Define the control bar and talk about any changes to one or more files and store them in a centralized repository. VCS Tools remembers previous versions and helps to:
Make sure you do not go through changes over time.
Turn on specific files or specific projects to the older version. Explore the problems or errors of a particular change.
Using VCS, developers provide flexibility to work simultaneously on a particular file, and all changes are logically connected.
As a DevOps Engineer, interview questions like this are very much expected. Start by explaining the clear overlap between DevOps and Agile. Although the function of DevOps is always synonymous with dynamic algorithms, there is a clear difference between the two. Agile theories are related to the soft product or development of the software. On the other hand, DevOps is handled with development, ensuring quick turnaround times, minimal errors and reliability by installing the software continuously.
Talk about many software developments, releases, edits and versions for each software or testware. Describe the need for data storage and maintenance, development of developments and tracking errors easily. Do not forget to mention key CM tools that can be used to achieve these goals. Talk about how the
tools, such as buffet, aseat, and chef are useful in automating software deployment and configuration on multiple servers.
Chef is considered one of the preferred professional CM Tools. Facebook has changed its infrastructure and the Shef platform keeps track of IT, for example. Explain how the chef helps to avoid delays by automating processes. The scripts are written in ruby. It can be integrated into cloud-based platforms and configures new settings. It provides many libraries for infrastructure development, which will then be installed in software. Thanks to its centralized management system, a chef server is sufficient to use various policies as the center of ordering.
This is a good idea to talk about IAC as a concept, sometimes referred to as a programming program, where the infrastructure is similar to any other code. The traditional approach to managing infrastructure is how to take a back seat and how to handle manual structures, unusual tools and custom scripts
Git information Jenkins Selenium Puppet
Chef Ansible Nagios Laborer Monit
El-Elistorsch, Lestastash, Gibbon Collectd / Collect
Git Information (Gitwidia)
DevOps Engineer’s major work roles Application Development Developing code
Code coverage Unit testing
Packaging
Preparing with infrastructure Continuous integration Continuous test
Continuous sorting Provisioning Configuration Orchestration Deployment
Technical Advantages:
Software delivery continues. Problems reduce austerity.
Fast approach to solving problems Humans are falling.
Business Benefits:
The higher the rate for its features Fixed operating systems
It took too long to add values. Run fast time for the market
Learn more about DevOps benefits from this information blog.
SSH is a secure shell that allows users to login to a secure, encrypted mechanism into computers and transmitting files.
Exit the remote machine and work on the command line.
Protect encrypted communications between the two hosts on an unsafe network.
Product development
Creating product feedback and its development IT Activities Development
DevOps is a process Like the active DevOps.
A separate group is configured. This will solve the problem.
Manufacturers manufacturing production
DevOps is a development-driven output management
Agile:
There is something about dynamic software development Devops:
DevOps is about software deployment and management.
DevOps does not replace the active or lean. By removing waste, by removing gloves and improving regulations, it allows the production of rapid and continuous products.
Correct the error and activate new features quickly.
It provides clarity of clarity between the members of the group.
Virtual box has been used as a hyper version for virtual environments and in the current scenario, it supports KVM. Kernel-based virtual machine
Vegant is a tool for creating and managing the environment for making software and experiments.
It is mainly used for information technology infrastructure to manage or use applications for remote applications. We want to sort an app on the nodes of 100 by executing one command, then the animation is actually in the picture, but you need to know or run some knowledge on the animated script.
Deployment Use Cases in Kubernetes are given below:
Use Case 1- Create a Deployment: On the creation of deployment, Pods are created automatically by ReplicaSet in the background.
Use Case 2- Update Deployment: Creation of new ReplicaSet happens and now the deployment is updated. Deployment revisions are updated through these new ReplicaSet.
Use Case 3- Rollback Deployment: If the current deployment state is not steady, rollback of deployment happens. But we can see the container images are updated.
Use Case 4- Scale a Deployment: Based on the requirement, scaling up or scaling down can be performed on each and every deployment.
Use Case 5- Pause the Deployment: To apply various fixes, deployment can be paused and later resumed.
Unit Testing, Deployment, Code Building, Packaging, and Code coverage are the core operations of DevOps.
Any simple and user-friendly scripting language would suit a DevOps Engineer. For example, Python is becoming popular while working on DevOps.
Perform a check on the following items:
1.System Level Troubleshooting: You need to make checks on various factors like application server log file, WebLogic logs, Web Server Log, Application Log file, HTTP to find if there are any issues in server receive or response time for deliberateness. Check for any memory leakage of applications.
2.Application Level Troubleshooting: Perform a check on Disk space, RAM and I/O read-write issues.
3.Dependent Services Troubleshooting: Check if there are any issues on Network, Antivirus, Firewall, and SMTP server response time.
Follow the below steps to enable startup sound in Ubuntu:
1.In Ubuntu, click on “Control Gear” and click on “Startup Applications”.
2.Startup Application Preference window appears. To add an entry, click on “Add”
3.Provide the information in the fields such as Command, Name, and Comment. Once the processes are done, logout and login again.
Below are the steps to create launchers on an Ubuntu Desktop:
In the Ubuntu system, press Alt+F2.
Type “gnome-desktop-item-edit –create-new~/desktop”. You will get a GUI dialog box which will create a launcher on Ubuntu desktop.
Nagios, Jenkins, Docker, Git, Puppet, Chef, and Selenium are some of the topmost DevOps Tools.
Below is the shell script to add two numbers
With DevOps, you can deliver the features quickly, possible to add values as we have more time and create firm operating environments.
Below are some of the useful benefits of Git:
1.As Git is one of the best-distributed version control systems, you will be able to track changes made to a file.
2.You can revert the changes whenever it is required
3.Central cloud repository is available where the users can commit changes and share with others in the team.
To add one or more files to staging, use the command “git add <filename.> git add**”
When you need to send the modifications to the master branch, use the command “git push origin master”
Maven is a DevOps tool used for building Java applications which helps the developer with the entire process of a software project. Using Maven, you can compile the course code, perform functionals and unit testing, and upload packages to remote repositories.
To install Maven in the Ubuntu system, use the command “sudo apt-get install maven” or “sudo apt-get install maven”.
To confirm the installation of Maven, use the command “maven -version”.
The below tables provides a very few differences between DevOps and Agil
JFrog Artifactory is a binary repository manager which is useful to store the build process outcomes. JFrog offers replication, high availability, disaster recovery, and scalability which works with many cloud storages.
Below is the script in Python for DevOps learners to find palindrome of a sequence
Below is an example for Fibonacci series:
There are many packages in Python and NumPy- Numerical Python is one among them. This is useful for scientific computing containing powerful n-dimensional array object. We can get tools from NumPy to integrate C, C++ and so on.
Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud, and Amazon Web Services are the top three cloud computing platforms in DevOps.
Ansible is a very simple automation engine which is useful in automating tasks like configuration management, intra-service orchestration, cloud provisioning, and application deployment. Ansible does not use any additional custom security infrastructure or agents and hence this becomes very simple for deployment. By connecting to nodes and pushing out Ansible modules (small programs), you can see the working of Ansible.
Below is an example of simple ansible-playbook:
#Simple Ansible Playbook
Below is an example of complex ansible-playbook:
#Complex Ansible Playbook
Refer to the below sample YAML format:
#Simple Ansible Playbook1.yml
–
name: Play 1 host: localhost
tasks:
command: date
script: mytest_script.sh
yum:
name: httpd state: present
service:
name: httpd state: started
An open source that automates the application deployment is called Docker. You can see the Docker container running in both Windows and Linux systems. Docker technology is promoted to work with vendors like cloud, windows, Linux and Microsoft. Containers are deployed by Docker at all layers of the hybrid cloud.
Yes, it is possible to consider DevOps as Agile Methodology, still we have differences between these two. Implementation of DevOps is possible on both development and operations section whereas Agile methodology implementation is possible only on development section.
Docker swarm and Kubernetes are the tools helpful for docker networking.
If there are any changes or commits done in the central repository branch, Git pull command performs a pull of those changes and update the local repository targeted branch. Git fetch is little similar to git pull but has a slight difference. When using the git fetch command, all the new commits are pulled from the desired branch and those get stored in the new branch of your local repository. You can make use of git merge once git fetch is done to see the changes in your target branch. Once the merging is done between fetched branch and target branch, the target branch gets updated. Just remember the equation “git merge + git fetch = git pull”.
To remove the stashed items, use the Git command “stash drop”. By default, it will eradicate the last added stash and also when a specific item is added as an argument, it will be removed.
Task Branching, Feature branching and Release branching are the three branching strategies.
Jenkins, a continuous integration tool is an open source written in Java language. When we experience changes, tracking the version control system, initiating and monitoring a build system are some of the processes carried out by Jenkins. On successful tracking and monitoring, notifications and reports are provided to alert the respective squad.
Below is the best example of simple Jenkins pipeline:
Let us have an example to create a simple WelcomeGuys application.
Perform the following checks when an application is not coming up:
The below image shows the task details performed by Puppet Slave and Puppet Master:
Both client node and master node must be accessible. Make sure you have internet access to both the nodes so that you can install packages from puppet labs repositories. Better to disable the firewalls if enabled just to avoid a few issues at the time of configurations.
In windows, you can find in the location “%PROGRAMDATA%\PuppetLabs\code”. In Linux/Unix, you can find in the location “/etc/puppetlabs/code”.
IaC stands for Infrastructure as Code. This indicates the automation of IT operations like building, deploying, and managing with the help of code, instead of handling with manual process. Below is a diagrammatic representation of IaC.